Spermicides
Creams, jellies, vaginal films & suppositories inserted high into the vagina prior to intercourse, maintaining a supine position.
This method destroys sperm or neutralizes secretions immobilizing sperm. Those that foam in a moist environment offer more rapid protection than a suppository, which requires 30 minutes to provide protection.
Effectiveness
- 25-50% effectiveness when used alone
- increases with the use of a male condom, cervical cap, diaphragm or female condom.
Advantages
- widely available
- low toxicity
- provides protection against gonorrhea and Chlamydia and some against Trichomonas and herpes; HIV protection is still questionable.
Disadvantages
- irritating to vaginal and cervical tissue
- may cause urinary tract infections and allergic reactions